Person Page - 10137

     Catherine Laura Stuart was born on 10 January 1674/75 at St. James's Palace, St. James's, London, England^G.¹ She was the daughter of James II Stuart, King of Great Britain and Mary Beatrice Eleanora Anne Margaret Isabella d'Este. She died on 3 October 1675 at St. James's Palace, St. James's, London, England^G, from convulsions.¹ She was buried at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England^G.¹

     Charles Stuart, Duke of Cambridge was born on 7 November 1677 at St. James's Palace, St. James's, London, England^G.¹ He was the son of James II Stuart, King of Great Britain and Mary Beatrice Eleanora Anne Margaret Isabella d'Este. He was baptised on 8 November 1677 at St. James's Palace, St. James's, London, England^G.² He died on 12 December 1677 at St. James's Palace, St. James's, London, England^G, from smallpox.¹ He was buried on 13 December 1677 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England^G.²
     He was styled as Duke of Cambridge on 7 November 1677, although he died before the patent for this title was passed.¹

     Charlotte Maria Stuart was born on 16 August 1682 at St. James's Palace, St. James's, London, England^G.¹ She was the daughter of James II Stuart, King of Great Britain and Mary Beatrice Eleanora Anne Margaret Isabella d'Este. She died on 6 October 1682 at St. James's Palace, St. James's, London, England^G, from convulsions.¹ She was buried at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England^G.¹

     James Francis Edward Stuart, 1st and last Duke of Cornwall was born on 10 June 1688 at St. James's Palace, St. James's, London, England^G.³ He was the son of James II Stuart, King of Great Britain and Mary Beatrice Eleanora Anne Margaret Isabella d'Este.¹ He married Marie Casimire Clementine Sobieski, daughter of Jaques Louis Henry Sobieski, Prince of Poland and Hedwig Elizabeth Amelia von Pfalz-Neuburg, on 3 September 1719 at Monte Fiascone, Bologna, Italy^G.⁴ He died on 1 January 1766 at age 77 at Rome, Italy^G.⁴ He was buried at St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City, Vatican^G.⁴
     He was created 1st Duke of Rothesay [England] on 10 June 1688.⁴ He was styled as Earl of Chester on 10 June 1688.⁴ He was styled as Prince James of Wales on 10 June 1688.⁴ He was created 1st Duke of Cornwall [England] on 10 June 1688.⁴ He was appointed Knight, Order of the Garter (K.G.) in 1692.⁴ He was styled as King James III of Great Britain on 16 September 1701, as the Stuart pretender to the throne of Great Britain.⁴ James Francis Edward Stuart, 1st and last Duke of Cornwall also went by the nick-name of 'The Old Pretender'.⁴ On 2 March 1702 he was attainted by Act of Parliament, and forfeited all of his British titles.⁴

     Louisa Maria Theresa Stuart was born on 18 June 1692 at Château of St. Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Île-de-France, France^G.² She was the daughter of James II Stuart, King of Great Britain and Mary Beatrice Eleanora Anne Margaret Isabella d'Este. She was also reported to have been born on 28 June 1692 at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Île-de-France, France^G. She died on 8 April 1712 at age 19 at Château of St. Germain-en-Laye, Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Île-de-France, France^G.² She was also reported to have died on 18 April 1712 at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Île-de-France, France^G. She was buried at Chapel of St. Edmund, Church of the English Benectines, Rue St. Jacques, Paris, France^G.² She was buried at Saint-Germain-en-Laye, Île-de-France, France^G.²

     Marie Casimire Clementine Sobieski was born on 6 July 1702.³ She was the daughter of Jaques Louis Henry Sobieski, Prince of Poland and Hedwig Elizabeth Amelia von Pfalz-Neuburg.³ She married James Francis Edward Stuart, 1st and last Duke of Cornwall, son of James II Stuart, King of Great Britain and Mary Beatrice Eleanora Anne Margaret Isabella d'Este, on 3 September 1719 at Monte Fiascone, Bologna, Italy^G.³ She died on 18 January 1735 at age 32 at Apostolic Palace, Rome, Italy^G, from scurvy.³

     Charles Edward Louis John Philip Casimir Sylvester Maria Stuart was born on 31 December 1720 at Palazzo Muti, Rome, Italy^G.¹ He was baptised on 31 December 1720 at Rome, Italy^G.⁴ He was the son of James Francis Edward Stuart, 1st and last Duke of Cornwall and Marie Casimire Clementine Sobieski. He married Louise Maximilienne Caroline Emmanuèle Prinzessin zu Stolberg-Gedern, daughter of Gustav Adolf Prinz zu Stolberg-Gedern and Elisabeth Philippine Claude Prinzessin von Hornes, on 17 April 1772 at Palazzo Compagnani Chapel, Marefoschi, Marcerata, Ancona, Italy^G.⁴ He and Louise Maximilienne Caroline Emmanuèle Prinzessin zu Stolberg-Gedern were separated in 1784.⁵ He died on 31 January 1788 at age 67 at Palazzo Muti, Rome, Italy^G, from paralysis.⁶ He was buried at St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City, Vatican^G.
     On 25 July 1745 he landed in Scotland and proclaimed his father as King.⁴ He fought in the Battle of Culloden on 16 April 1746 at Culloden, Scotland^G, where his army was defeated.⁴ He was styled as King Charles III of Great Britain on 1 January 1766, as successor to his father, 'The Old Pretender.¹' He was styled as Earl of Albany on 1 January 1766.⁴ Charles Edward Louis John Philip Casimir Sylvester Maria Stuart also went by the nick-name of 'The Young Pretender'.¹ Charles Edward Louis John Philip Casimir Sylvester Maria Stuart also went by the nick-name of 'Bonnie Prince Charlie'.¹
     "He goes regularly to the theatre, and always falls asleep at the end of the first act, being generally intoxicated. His face is read and his eyes fiery, otherwise is not an ill looking man."⁷

     Henry Benedict Thomas Stuart was born on 6 March 1724/25 at Palazzo Muti, Rome, Italy^G.¹ He was the son of James Francis Edward Stuart, 1st and last Duke of Cornwall and Marie Casimire Clementine Sobieski. He died on 13 July 1807 at age 82 at Frascati, Italy^G.¹ He was buried at St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican City, Vatican^G.¹
     He was also known as Henry Benedict Maria Clement Thomas Francis Xavier Stuart. He held the office of Cardinal of York. He held the office of Cardinal Deacon on 30 June 1747.¹ He held the office of Cardinal of Santa Maria, Portici on 3 July 1747.¹ He was styled as King Henry IX of Great Britain as pretender to the throne in succession to his brother on 30 January 1788.¹

     Louise Maximilienne Caroline Emmanuèle Prinzessin zu Stolberg-Gedern was born on 20 September 1752 at Mons, Picardie, France^G.³ She was baptised on 20 September 1752 at Mons, Picardie, France^G.³ She was the daughter of Gustav Adolf Prinz zu Stolberg-Gedern and Elisabeth Philippine Claude Prinzessin von Hornes.⁴ She married Charles Edward Louis John Philip Casimir Sylvester Maria Stuart, son of James Francis Edward Stuart, 1st and last Duke of Cornwall and Marie Casimire Clementine Sobieski, on 17 April 1772 at Palazzo Compagnani Chapel, Marefoschi, Marcerata, Ancona, Italy^G.¹ She and Charles Edward Louis John Philip Casimir Sylvester Maria Stuart were separated in 1784.⁵ She died on 29 January 1824 at age 71 at Florence, Italy^G.³ She was buried at Church of Santa Croce, Florence, Italy^G.³
     She was styled as Countess of Albany on 17 April 1772.
     "The Countess is not handsome, being black and sallow, with a pug nose. Alfieri the Piedmontese is a constant attendant in her box [at the theatre]." However, she is more flatteringly described, "of the middle height, blonds, with deep blue eyes,a nd nose turned slightly up; the complexion dazzingly fair like that of an Englishwoman. Her expression was maliciously gay. She seemed made to turn everybody's head." "A well informed, shrewd, sensible, wordly person, and, as they tell me, well looking in her day."⁶ "Her acquaintance with Alfieri, the poet (whom Cardinal York in 1785 asserted to have been the origin and completer of the disunion between herself and the Prince), began in 1777. After his death, he was replaced as her caveliere servente by M. Fabvre, a French painter, whom she was said to have privately married."³ She has an extensive biographical entry in the Dictionary of National Biography.⁷
     

     James I Charles Stuart, King of Great Britain was born on 19 June 1566 at Edinburgh Castle, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland^G.¹ He was the son of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley and Mary Stewart, Queen of Scotland.⁴ He married Anne Oldenburg, Princess of Denmark, daughter of Frederik II Oldenburg, King of Denmark and Sophia von Mecklenburg-Güstrow, on 23 November 1589 at Oslo, Norway^G, in a, and again on 21 Jan 1590 at Kronberg Castle, Copenhagen, Denmark marriage.⁵ He died on 27 March 1625 at age 58 at Theobalds Park, Hertfordshire, England^G, from kidney failure.⁶ He was buried at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England^G.⁶
     He gained the title of Duke of Rothesay on 19 June 1566.¹ He gained the title of Prince James of Scotland on 19 June 1566.⁴ He succeeded as the 2nd Lord Ardmannoch [S., 1565] on 10 February 1567.¹ He succeeded as the 2nd Earl of Ross [S., 1565] on 10 February 1567.¹ He succeeded as the 2nd Duke of Albany [S., 1565] on 10 February 1567.⁴ He succeeded as the King James VI of Scotland on 24 July 1567.¹ He was crowned King of Scotland on 29 July 1567 at Church of the Holy Rood, Stirling, Stirlingshire, Scotland^G.¹ He succeeded as the King James I of Great Britain on 24 March 1603.⁷ He was crowned King of England, Scotland, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith on 25 July 1603 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England^G.⁷ He was godfather for James Howard, Lord Maltravers at his baptism on 17 July 1607.⁸ He was godfather for James Egerton, Viscount Brackley at his baptism on 2 October 1616.⁹ He was godfather for James Murray, 2nd Earl of Tullibardine at his baptism on 22 September 1617 at Cheshunt, Hertfordshire, England^G.¹⁰
     Although James married and had seven children, by nature he was homosexual and the appointment of favourites as advisers caused resentment. James had a Presbyterian background and the Roman Catholic conspirators who attempted to blow up the opening of Parliament on Tuesday 5 November 1605 were suitably dealt with. Robert Cecil and Francis Bacon were among his advisers but he had Sir Walter Raleigh executed for fighting in Spain's American colonies and would not tolerate privateering which had been so profitable in Elizabeth's reign. James's faculties declined as he grew older. He has an extensive biographical entry in the Dictionary of National Biography.¹¹